The Concept and History of Artificial Intelligence

Definition of Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence refers to technology that enables computers to perform human abilities such as learning, reasoning, and problem solving. It began with simple rule-based automation and has now evolved into machine learning and deep learning technologies that can learn and adapt on their own.

• Example: Smartphone voice assistants such as Siri and Google Assistant go beyond executing simple commands and increasingly support sophisticated conversations by learning users’ language patterns.

History of Artificial Intelligence

• 1950s: Alan Turing proposes the “Turing Test”
• 1960s-1970s: Rule-based expert systems emerge
• 1980s-1990s: Neural network research resumes and machine learning advances
• 2000s onward: Deep learning grows rapidly with the development of big data and GPUs
• Today: AI spreads into many fields, including natural language processing, autonomous driving, and medical diagnosis

• Chart 1: Timeline of artificial intelligence history (major technological developments by year)
• Image source: https://spri.kr/posts/view/21643?code=industry_trend