devkuma – Apache

Apache | Apache Installation

kc@example.com (kc kim) — Wed, 13 Nov 2019 23:46:40 +0900

This section explains how to download and install Apache. It also explains how to start Apache after installation and how to refer to the Apache technical documentation.

Apache | Apache Installation | Downloading and Installing Apache

kc@example.com (kc kim) — Wed, 13 Nov 2019 23:46:40 +0900

This page explains how to download and install Apache. As of November 2019, the latest version is Apache 2.4.41. The installation environment used here is Windows 10 (64-bit).

Download Apache

Download Apache from the official Apache website.

http://httpd.apache.org/

Click “Download” in the “Apache httpd 2.4.41 Released 2019-08-14” block, which is the latest version used in this article.

Because this article installs Apache on Windows 10 (64-bit), click the link labeled “Files for Microsoft Windows”.

http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi#apache24

If Korean text appears after clicking Files for Microsoft Windows, scroll to the top. You will see a warning that says this document is not the latest translation and that recent changes should be checked in the English document. In that case, click “en” to display the English version.

http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/ko/platform/windows.html

The official Apache site explains that it provides only source code and does not provide Windows binaries. Instead, it introduces several sites that distribute binaries. In this article, click “Apache Lounge”.

http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/en/platform/windows.html

The Apache Lounge site is displayed. https://www.apachelounge.com/download/

Both 32-bit and 64-bit versions are available. Since this article installs Apache in a 64-bit environment, click “httpd-2.4.41-win64-VC16.zip” under “Apache 2.4.41 Win64”.

When the download finishes, save the file in any location. The Apache download is now complete.

Install the Visual C++ Redistributable Package

When running Visual C++ applications built with Visual Studio, the required runtime components must be installed. The Windows Apache binary is also built with Visual Studio, so it requires the runtime.

The runtime is often already installed for other applications. If it is not installed, an error such as “The code execution cannot proceed because VCRUNTIME140.dll was not found. Reinstalling the program may fix this problem.” appears.

https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/ko/downloads/

Go to the page above and install the Visual C++ runtime. In this article, the runtime for Visual Studio 2019 is required.

The preparation is complete. Next, Apache installation is explained.

Install Apache

To install Apache, extract the downloaded archive file, “httpd-2.4.41-win64-VC16.zip”, into an appropriate folder.

In this article, it is saved in “C:\dev\Apache24”.

Apache

kc@example.com (kc kim) — Wed, 13 Nov 2019 23:46:40 +0900

This section explains how to use Apache, one of the most widely used web servers. It walks through the basic usage and configuration methods, including installing Apache in a local environment, publishing a website on the internet with Apache, controlling access, and viewing log files.

Apache | Apache Installation | Initial Settings for the Configuration File (http.conf)

kc@example.com (kc kim) — Wed, 13 Nov 2019 23:46:40 +0900

Apache is configured in the http.conf file. After installing Apache, you need to update the configuration file to match the installation directory and the port number you use. This page explains the initial settings to perform immediately after installing Apache.

Change the installation directory

The Apache configuration file, http.conf, is located in “/Apache24/conf/” under the installation directory.

On macOS, it is located at /etc/apache2/httpd.conf.

Before editing, make a copy of the http.conf file and keep it as a backup, just in case. If you think this is unnecessary, you can skip it.

Now edit the http.conf file. Since http.conf is a text file, you can open it in a text editor. For example, Windows Notepad can also edit it.

First, search for “ServerRoot” in the file. You will find a section like the following.

#
# ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's
# configuration, error, and log files are kept.
#
# Do not add a slash at the end of the directory path.  If you point
# ServerRoot at a non-local disk, be sure to specify a local disk on the
# Mutex directive, if file-based mutexes are used.  If you wish to share the
# same ServerRoot for multiple httpd daemons, you will need to change at
# least PidFile.
#
Define SRVROOT "c:/Apache24"

ServerRoot "${SRVROOT}"

Set ServerRoot to the directory of the Apache server. Change the default “c:/Apache24” value to the directory where Apache is actually installed. More specifically, the installed directory is set in the SRVROOT variable, and ServerRoot uses that SRVROOT variable. In this article, it was changed as follows.

Define SRVROOT "C:/apache/Apache24"

ServerRoot "${SRVROOT}"

The SRVROOT variable set above is also used in other configuration sections, so the same directory is applied there as well.

#
# DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your
# documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but
# symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations.
#
DocumentRoot "${SRVROOT}/htdocs"

<Directory "${SRVROOT}/htdocs">

 ...omitted...

</Directory>

<IfModule alias_module>

 ...omitted...

    #
    # ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server scripts. 
    # ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases, except that
    # documents in the target directory are treated as applications and
    # run by the server when requested rather than as documents sent to the
    # client.  The same rules about trailing "/" apply to ScriptAlias
    # directives as to Alias.
    #
    ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "${SRVROOT}/cgi-bin/"

</IfModule>

#
# "${SRVROOT}/cgi-bin" should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased
# CGI directory exists, if you have that configured.
#
<Directory "${SRVROOT}/cgi-bin">
    AllowOverride None
    Options None
    Require all granted
</Directory>

Configure the port number

Next, check the port number setting. Search for “Listen” in the file.

#
# Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or
# ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost>
# directive.
#
# Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to 
# prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.
#
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
Listen 80

Listen specifies which port number and IP address Apache listens on. Communication between a web server and a browser generally uses port 80, so port 80 is also set in the default configuration. Usually you do not need to change it, but if multiple web servers run on the same server computer, change this setting so the port numbers do not conflict.

Configure ServerName

The last setting is ServerName. Search for “ServerName” in the configuration file.

#
# ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.
# This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify
# it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.
#
# If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.
#
#ServerName www.example.com:80

ServerName sets the host name and port number that identify the server itself. In the initial configuration it is commented out. To set it, specify a host name and port number such as “www.example.com:80”. If you omit the port number, the default port number for server requests, 80, is used.

In this article, Apache is installed in a local environment, so the “#” before ServerName was removed and the setting was changed as follows.

#
# ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.
# This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify
# it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.
#
# If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.
#
ServerName localhost:80

When you finish editing the configuration file, save it.

Apache | Apache Installation | Starting Apache (Console Startup and Service Registration)

kc@example.com (kc kim) — Wed, 13 Nov 2019 23:46:40 +0900

This page explains how to start Apache. In a Windows environment, there are two main ways to start it: manually by using the console application, or automatically by registering and configuring Apache as a Windows service.

Start Apache simply

First, start Apache from Explorer. The executable file, httpd.exe, is located at “(Apache installation directory)\Apache24\bin\httpd.exe”.

To start it, run “httpd.exe” in the “(Apache installation directory)\Apache24\bin" folder as administrator. Apache will start.

When Apache starts, a console application appears and remains in the following state while it is running.

Now check whether Apache is running. Start a browser and enter “http://localhost/”. If the following page is displayed, Apache has started successfully.

If an error page appears saying that the browser cannot connect, Apache failed to start.

If an error occurs, run httpd.exe from the command prompt. It will display the cause of the error clearly.

The following occurs when ServerRoot is not set correctly.

C:\apache\Apache24\bin>httpd.exe
httpd.exe: Syntax error on line 39 of C:/Apache24/conf/httpd.conf: ServerRoot must be a valid directory

The following occurs when ServerName is not set correctly.

C:\apache\Apache24\bin>httpd.exe
AH00558: httpd.exe: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using fe80::3179:bb2:de42:8a63. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message

To stop the running Apache process, close the console application. If you started it from the command prompt, press “Ctrl + c”. When the following is displayed, Apache has stopped.

C:\apache\Apache24\bin>httpd.exe

C:\apache\Apache24\bin>

Register Apache as a service

Next, start Apache as a service. First, register it as a service. If Apache is running, stop it. Start Command Prompt as administrator, move to the “(Apache installation directory)\Apache24\bin" directory, and run the command “httpd -k install”.

C:\>cd apache\Apache24\bin

C:\apache\Apache24\bin>httpd -k install
Installing the 'Apache2.4' service
The 'Apache2.4' service is successfully installed.
Testing httpd.conf....
Errors reported here must be corrected before the service can be started.

C:\apache\Apache24\bin>

If the output appears as above, registration as a service is complete.

To confirm that it was registered, open the Services screen in Windows 10. Right-click the Start menu at the bottom-left of the desktop and click “Computer Management” in the menu that appears.

When the “Computer Management” screen appears, click “Services” under “Services and Applications” in the left menu. The list of registered services appears on the right side of the screen, and you can confirm that Apache2.4 is included.

Start Apache

Next, start Apache. Run “httpd -k start” from the command prompt.

C:\apache\Apache24\bin>httpd -k start

C:\apache\Apache24\bin>

If you check the Services screen, the status of the Apache2.4 service is “Running”.

To confirm, enter “http://localhost/” in a browser. If the following page is displayed, Apache has started successfully.

Stop Apache

To stop Apache running as a service from the command prompt, run “httpd -k stop” or “httpd -k shutdown”.

C:\apache\Apache24\bin>httpd -k stop
The 'Apache2.4' service is stopping.
The 'Apache2.4' service has stopped.

C:\apache\Apache24\bin>

Restart Apache

To restart Apache while it is running, run “httpd -k restart”.

C:\apache\Apache24\bin>httpd -k restart

C:\apache\Apache24\bin>

Remove Apache from services

To remove Apache registered as a service, run “httpd -k uninstall”.

C:\apache\Apache24\bin>httpd -k uninstall
Removing the 'Apache2.4' service
The 'Apache2.4' service has been removed successfully.

C:\apache\Apache24\bin>

Configure how Apache starts as a service

If Apache is registered as a service, you can use Windows service management to start Apache or configure it to start automatically when the PC boots. Double-click Apache2.4 on the Services screen.

The properties for the Apache2.4 service are displayed.

“Startup type” is currently set to “Automatic”, so Apache also starts automatically when Windows starts. To start Apache manually instead, change “Startup type” to “Manual”.

Earlier, Apache was started and stopped from the command prompt, but you can also start or stop Apache by clicking the “Start”, “Stop”, “Pause”, and “Restart” buttons on this screen.

In this way, Apache startup and shutdown can also be controlled from the service management screen.

Apache | Apache Installation | Referring to Apache Documentation

kc@example.com (kc kim) — Wed, 13 Nov 2019 23:46:40 +0900

When configuring Apache, the most useful reference is the Apache documentation published on the official site. This page explains how to refer to Apache documentation in Korean and English.

Refer to Apache documentation written in Korean

To view the documentation, access the following URL.

http://httpd.apache.org/

Click the “Version 2.4” link under “Documentation” in the left menu.

When the page opens, you can view documentation for the Apache 2.4 system in Korean.

Some parts are still in English, but detailed Korean documentation is available. Since the official documentation is written clearly, visit it whenever you have a question.

Refer to the English version of the documentation

As shown in the Korean documentation message, “This document is not the latest translation. For recent changes, refer to the English document.”, some content may be slightly outdated. If you want to refer to the English version, click “en” at the upper-right of the documentation page.

The English version of the documentation is displayed.

If you can read some English and want to check the latest content, this is a good place to refer to.

Apache | Apache Installation | Accessing the Web with a Port Number Other Than 80

kc@example.com (kc kim) — Wed, 13 Nov 2019 23:46:40 +0900

Apache and many other web servers usually use port number 80. If an application already using port 80 is running on the same server, you must configure the web server to use another port number. This page explains how to access a web server from a browser by using a port number other than 80.

Change the port number used by Apache

As explained in “Initial Settings for the Configuration File (http.conf) > Configure the port number”, the port number used by Apache is specified in the http.conf file. By default, the Listen directive specifies port 80 as follows.

#
# Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or
# ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost>
# directive.
#
# Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to 
# prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.
#
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
Listen 80

If another web server is running on the same server and port 80 is already in use, specify another port number, such as 8080. You cannot choose just any number; you must specify a number that is not used by another application running on the same server, such as a mail server or DNS server. In this article, 8080 is used as an example.

#
# Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or
# ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost>
# directive.
#
# Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to 
# prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.
#
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
Listen 8080

To apply the setting, save the http.conf file and restart Apache.

Access Apache from a browser by specifying the port number

When accessing a web server such as Apache from a browser, use the following format.

http://(web server host name):(port number used by the web server)/...

For example, to access a website configured to use port 8080, use a URL such as “http://www.devkuam.com:8080/".

When port 80 is used, there is an exception: if you omit the port number, it is treated as port 80. Therefore, instead of accessing “http://www.devkuam.com:80”, you can omit the port number and access “http://www.devkuam.com”.

When the port number is 80, it can be omitted, so the following two URLs are equivalent.

http://www.example.com/
http://www.example.com:80/

This Apache server uses port 8080, so to access it, you must specify the port number as in http://localhost:8080 rather than http://localhost/. Open a browser and try connecting.

The connection succeeded. When using a port number other than 80, remember that you must specify the port number when accessing the web server.